How Fishfinders Work
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Modern recreational sonar equipment (also called a fishfinder, bottom machine, echo sounder, depthsounder, or just sounder) uses sound waves to look through the water. The sonar device then displays a picture of what’s below the hull of a boat.
Sound pulse. First it sends a pulse of sound down, via the transducer. The sound bounces off objects in the water, like rocks, wrecks, and fish. Second, it measures the time that sound pulse takes to return and uses that information to display a screen.
Sound waves reflect best off objects with densities different than water’s. So rocks, mud, metal, and the air-filled swim bladders of fish all show up well. (There are also side-scanning and forward-scanning sounders, normally found on commercial fishing, military, and research vessels; these are expensive units.)
Whether you use your device to navigate the depths, determine bottom composition or to find those fish, you’ll need to consider some basic questions: Which transducer frequency should I use? How much resolution do I need? How much...